Which invasive procedure may be used to manage chronic pain?

Epidural steroid injection is an invasive procedure that involves the injection of corticosteroids into the epidural space of the spine. This technique is often employed to manage chronic pain, especially when the pain is nerve-related, such as in cases involving herniated discs or spinal stenosis. The purpose of this injection is to reduce inflammation around the spinal nerves, thereby alleviating pain and improving functionality.

This option is particularly relevant in pain management because it directly targets the source of the pain in the nervous system. By reducing inflammation and swelling, it can provide significant relief for patients who have not found success with conservative treatments alone.

In contrast, acupuncture, physical therapy, and chiropractic adjustments are considered non-invasive techniques. They are valuable modalities for pain management but do not involve penetration of the skin or deeper tissues, distinguishing them from the nature of the epidural steroid injection.