Which NSAID has both a low GI risk and low cardiovascular risk?

Celecoxib is recognized for having both a low gastrointestinal (GI) risk and a relatively low cardiovascular risk compared to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This is mainly due to its specific selective inhibition of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, which is responsible for mediating inflammation and pain, while sparing cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), which plays a protective role in the stomach lining and gastrointestinal tract.

By selectively targeting COX-2, Celecoxib minimizes the adverse effects typically associated with non-selective NSAIDs, like gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration, which often arise from COX-1 inhibition. Moreover, its cardiovascular risk profile is less concerning than non-selective NSAIDs, making it a preferred option for patients at risk of cardiovascular events while needing anti-inflammatory treatment.

In contrast, other options like Naproxen, Flurbiprofen, and Meloxicam have either higher GI risks or cardiovascular risks associated with their use, limiting their utility in certain patient populations. Understanding these distinctions is critical for safe and effective pain management in patients with varying health profiles.